These are some of the key concepts in the Homeric poems, with rough English translations:
αἰδώς / aidôs: shame
ἀρετή / aretê: excellence, virtue, manliness
ἄτη / atê: divine temptation or infatuation
βασιλεύς / Basileus: King, Chieftain
γέρας / geras: a gift or prize of honor
εὐβουλία / euboulia: excellence in counsel; sound judgement
θυμός / thûmos: spirit, the life-force; strength, courage
ἶφι / iphi: mightily, through might - often used to describe how a king rules
κλεός / kleos: fame, glory, renown
μένος / menos: force, might, often of supernatural origin
μῆνις / mênis: wrath, particularly divine wrath, but also used to describe the wrath of Achilles
μοῖρα / moira: one's lot or fate
ξενία / xenia: hospitality, the rights of a guest, the friendly relationship between two foreigners
οἶκος / oikos: household, family unit
τιμή / time: honor, dignity
φιλότης / philotês: friendship